When recession of the gingiva (gums) occurs exposing the roots of teeth, all the tissues that had covered the root have been destroyed, including part of the bone that forms the tooth socket. When gum recession is a problem, there are often opportunities for gum reconstruction using soft tissue grafting techniques.
When there is only minor recession, some healthy gingiva often remains and protects the tooth, so that no treatment other than modifying home care practices is necessary. However, when recession reaches the mucosa (the thinner, more elastic tissues that extend into the lips and cheeks), the first line of defense against bacterial penetration is lost.
In addition, gum recession often results in root sensitivity to hot and/or cold foods as well as an unsightly appearance of the gum and tooth. When significant, gum recession can predispose to worsening recession and expose the root surface, which is softer than enamel, leading to root caries (decay) and root wear or gouging.
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